Developing a new medicine is a long and complicated journey. There are many rules that pharmaceutical companies have to follow to make sure new drugs are safe, effective, and of high quality. These rules are set by agencies like the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in the United States and the EMA (European Medicines Agency) in Europe. In this guide, we will look at some of the main challenges companies face during drug research and development (R&D) and how they can overcome them.